Emergency Preparedness Response Course (EPRC) Practice Test

Smallpox can spread through multiple routes, making it essential to understand the ways in which this virus can be transmitted. One primary method is through direct contact, where the virus can be transferred when a person comes into contact with the bodily fluids or lesions of an infected individual. This is particularly prevalent during the initial rash and when scabs are present, as the virus is highly concentrated in these areas.

Additionally, airborne transmission is another significant route for smallpox. The virus can remain suspended in the air for some time, allowing it to be inhaled by individuals nearby. This is particularly concerning in closed environments where an infected person may have been present.

The presence of both transmission routes means that smallpox can spread efficiently in populations, thereby contributing to its historical potential for outbreaks. It is this dual means of transmission—through direct contact and via airborne particles—that underscores the importance of containment and vaccination during an outbreak. Consequently, the correct answer encompasses all forms of transmission, highlighting the multifaceted nature of smallpox spread.